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	<title>Syria &#8211; Kalam</title>
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	<title>Syria &#8211; Kalam</title>
	<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org</link>
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		<title>Can Syria reform its banks without reproducing elite capture?</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/can-syria-reform-its-banks-without-reproducing-elite-capture/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/can-syria-reform-its-banks-without-reproducing-elite-capture/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Haddon Barth]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 11:51:03 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Recent]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5607</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Much of Syria’s reconstruction strategy has centred on attracting large-scale investment from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the UAE and other international partners into energy, telecommunications, ports, airports and real estate. While these projects are important, they are unlikely on their own to generate broad-based economic recovery. That recovery also rests on improving livelihoods around the country: whether farmers can purchase equipment and small businesses can access working capital. In other words, the success of reconstruction [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/can-syria-reform-its-banks-without-reproducing-elite-capture/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Syria on moving sands: why the SDF–Damascus settlement defers rather than resolves conflict</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/syria-on-moving-sands-why-the-sdf-damascus-settlement-defers-rather-than-resolves-conflict/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/syria-on-moving-sands-why-the-sdf-damascus-settlement-defers-rather-than-resolves-conflict/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Rana Khalaf]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2026 15:36:56 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Conflict & violence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5509</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The agreement between Syria’s interim government and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) to integrate Kurdish forces into state institutions is being read by commentators as a step towards establishing unified state control over armed actors and offering a degree of decentralization to Kurdish-majority areas. However, such readings miss a critical issue. The settlement disadvantages the SDF, reversing much of its conflict-born territorial and resource gains, and [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/syria-on-moving-sands-why-the-sdf-damascus-settlement-defers-rather-than-resolves-conflict/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Beyond informality: A formal roadmap for Syrian refugees in Lebanon</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/beyond-informality-a-formal-roadmap-for-syrian-refugees-in-lebanon/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/beyond-informality-a-formal-roadmap-for-syrian-refugees-in-lebanon/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Carmen Geha]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 14:26:43 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lebanon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5481</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Middle East hosts the highest per capita number of refugees and displaced persons in the world, and nowhere is this more acutely felt than in Lebanon. But Lebanon’s refugee protection frameworks are under growing pressure: international donor support has shrunk amid its economic crisis, UN agencies face mounting funding risks, and human rights are [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/beyond-informality-a-formal-roadmap-for-syrian-refugees-in-lebanon/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
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		<title>Sweida: A lens on Syria’s illiberal peace</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/sweida-a-lens-on-syrias-illiberal-peace/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/sweida-a-lens-on-syrias-illiberal-peace/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Rana Khalaf]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 17:01:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5350</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The evolving map of territorial control of Al-Sharaa’s interim authority (government and aligned groups), from its takeover of large swathes of Syria’s northeast to its agreed demilitarised economic zone with Israel in the south, could be argued as delivering short-term stabilisation. In the long term, stabilisation remains subject to a broader reality: Al-Sharaa’s interim government [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/sweida-a-lens-on-syrias-illiberal-peace/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Syria’s governance dilemma amid Turkey–Iran competition</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/syrias-governance-dilemma-amid-turkey-iran-competition/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/syrias-governance-dilemma-amid-turkey-iran-competition/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Haid Haid]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2025 10:49:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=4852</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Syria’s post-Assad transition marks a defining moment – one that presents both immense opportunities and complex challenges. Among the most critical and contentious debates is the model of governance that will shape Syria’s future. This issue is pivotal not only because of its far-reaching impact on daily life, and public services and institutions, but because [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/syrias-governance-dilemma-amid-turkey-iran-competition/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Assad’s fall ends drug smuggling – but trafficking to Jordan persists</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/assads-fall-ends-drug-smuggling-but-trafficking-to-jordan-persists/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/assads-fall-ends-drug-smuggling-but-trafficking-to-jordan-persists/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Haid Haid]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2025 10:16:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jordan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=4769</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The fall of the Assad regime in December 2024 was met with widespread relief – not only among Syrians but among regional actors eager to move past its destabilizing, criminal enterprises. Hopes were highest that Syria’s trade in Captagon – the highly addictive drug that, under Assad, flooded regional markets via Jordan – would come [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/assads-fall-ends-drug-smuggling-but-trafficking-to-jordan-persists/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Hezbollah’s smuggling lifeline: can Syria’s new authorities cut it off?</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/hezbollahs-smuggling-lifeline-can-syrias-new-authorities-cut-it-off/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/hezbollahs-smuggling-lifeline-can-syrias-new-authorities-cut-it-off/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Haid Haid]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2025 12:40:06 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lebanon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=4761</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Since the ouster of the Assad regime in December 2024, the transitional authorities in Damascus have repeatedly vowed to sever Hezbollah’s reliance on Syria as a key smuggling corridor. For over a decade, it is reported that the group has freely moved drugs, money, and weapons through Syrian territory to finance and arm itself. In [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/hezbollahs-smuggling-lifeline-can-syrias-new-authorities-cut-it-off/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>How politics in Turkey has been shaped by Syria’s war</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-politics-in-turkey-has-been-shaped-by-syrias-war/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-politics-in-turkey-has-been-shaped-by-syrias-war/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Galip Dalay]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 Aug 2023 09:00:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=3172</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Syrian war has left its indelible imprint on Turkey’s domestic politics and its effects will be felt for a long time to come. While a wave of normalization efforts suggest the Middle East has entered a post-Arab Spring period, the impact of the uprisings continue to shape domestic politics across the region. In Turkey, [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-politics-in-turkey-has-been-shaped-by-syrias-war/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Conflict Supply Chains across Lebanon and Syria</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/conflict-supply-chains-across-lebanon-and-syria/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/conflict-supply-chains-across-lebanon-and-syria/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[فريق كلام]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 31 Mar 2023 14:52:27 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Conflict & violence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lebanon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Political economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1940</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[&#160; How do conflict economies and transnational conflict systems interconnect? Join former Director of the Middle East and North Africa Programme at Chatham House, Dr Lina Khatib and XCEPT Project Manager Leah de Haan for a discussion of the cross-border conflict economy moving from Lebanon through to Syria, Jordan and into Iraq. &#160; Find out [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/conflict-supply-chains-across-lebanon-and-syria/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		<enclosure url="https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/fWGZEaZ9OOzUhU5EzmyUu1Wr0yHeXPwaIVQ6mnZK.mp3" length="23217759" type="audio/mpeg" />

			</item>
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		<title>Wheat and war: How sanctions are driving Russia-Syria cooperation</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/wheat-and-war-how-sanctions-are-driving-russia-syria-cooperation/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/wheat-and-war-how-sanctions-are-driving-russia-syria-cooperation/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Haid Haid]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Mar 2023 14:31:38 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[External actors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1930</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The conflict supply chain of wheat from Ukraine and Russia to Syria highlights interlinkages between the conflicts and the role of sanctions in driving cooperation. Russia’s involvement in smuggling wheat out of the occupied regions and territories of Ukraine has been widely reported over the past year. In response, the US issued sanctions in September [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/wheat-and-war-how-sanctions-are-driving-russia-syria-cooperation/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
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