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	<title>Saudi Arabia &#8211; Kalam</title>
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	<title>Saudi Arabia &#8211; Kalam</title>
	<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Saudi Arabia and Oman&#8217;s transformation strategies must move from performative to genuine citizen engagement</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/saudi-arabia-and-omans-transformation-strategies-must-move-from-performative-to-genuine-citizen-engagement/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/saudi-arabia-and-omans-transformation-strategies-must-move-from-performative-to-genuine-citizen-engagement/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sumaiya Al-Wahaibi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Aug 2025 14:19:44 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Gulf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5071</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Oman and Saudi Arabia are integrating youth and civil society into governance, but largely on the state’s terms. These are tightly managed attempts to sustain legitimacy amid economic transformation. While both states project inclusion, genuine accountability remains constrained by elite control and institutional limitations. Saudi Arabia, having restructured the leadership patterns among traditional elites  under [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/saudi-arabia-and-omans-transformation-strategies-must-move-from-performative-to-genuine-citizen-engagement/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>How Saudi women are pioneering sustainability through art, heritage and community</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-saudi-women-are-pioneering-sustainability-through-art-heritage-and-community/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-saudi-women-are-pioneering-sustainability-through-art-heritage-and-community/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hanaa Almoaibed]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Oct 2024 11:15:01 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Gulf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gender]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=4624</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In recent years, Gulf states have experienced a shift in attitudes towards climate action and sustainability as many become increasingly aware of the negative impacts of climate change with rising temperatures, water scarcity and extreme weather events continuing to pose great challenges to the region. Gulf state agendas foresee an organic evolution into alternative energies [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-saudi-women-are-pioneering-sustainability-through-art-heritage-and-community/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Will China project hard military power in the Middle East?</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/will-china-project-hard-military-power-in-the-middle-east/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/will-china-project-hard-military-power-in-the-middle-east/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ahmed Aboudouh]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Aug 2023 11:00:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[External actors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Qatar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UAE]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=3165</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Although China is likely to use the MENA region as a battleground in the war of values and principles that will shape the future of the world order, it will not resort to military means to realize its objectives. Under Xi Jinping, China has successfully increased its influence in the Middle East and North Africa [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/will-china-project-hard-military-power-in-the-middle-east/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>How is China shaping reforms in the Gulf?</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-is-china-shaping-reforms-in-the-gulf/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-is-china-shaping-reforms-in-the-gulf/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ahmed Aboudouh]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Aug 2023 13:31:57 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Gulf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[External actors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Qatar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UAE]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=3043</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[China’s increased influence in the Gulf could help shape regional reforms, which could gradually undermine Western influence and interests in the region. The China-brokered deal restoring diplomatic ties between Saudi Arabia and Iran highlights both the Gulf’s push for economic reform and diversification as well as the increasing influence of China in the region. China’s [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-is-china-shaping-reforms-in-the-gulf/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>China’s interplay between Iran and the Gulf</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/chinas-interplay-between-iran-and-the-gulf/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/chinas-interplay-between-iran-and-the-gulf/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Yongjin Zhang]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Mar 2023 14:26:39 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Gulf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bahrain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[External actors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kuwait]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UAE]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1918</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[China&#8217;s recent foreign policy activism in the Gulf serves a specific strategic purpose &#8211; that is, to institutionalize China&#8217;s political relationship and economic cooperation with regional states and to promote a new approach to regional security cooperation. It also highlights China&#8217;s enduring challenge of balancing its strategic engagement with Iran while seeking to deepen its [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/chinas-interplay-between-iran-and-the-gulf/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Understanding the GCC Collective Security Mindset</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/understanding-the-gcc-collective-security-mindset/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/understanding-the-gcc-collective-security-mindset/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sanam Vakil]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov 2022 13:53:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Gulf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bahrain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kuwait]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Qatar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UAE]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1860</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Regional security &#8211; or the lack thereof &#8211; has long been a challenge for the six Gulf Arab monarchies. Despite numerous internal and external efforts aimed at addressing Gulf security and bolstering capacity to manage tensions, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states have yet to develop a cohesive or durable framework to manage their security needs. [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/understanding-the-gcc-collective-security-mindset/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Biden’s Middle East trip shows the long game is his aim</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/bidens-middle-east-trip-shows-the-long-game-is-his-aim/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/bidens-middle-east-trip-shows-the-long-game-is-his-aim/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sanam Vakil]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Jul 2022 12:29:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[External actors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1759</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The US president was focused on repairing ties with traditional regional partners, but he also aimed to redefine the contours of future US regional cooperation. Under pressure at home for high energy prices and his willingness to sacrifice principles for national interests, President Joe Biden&#8217;s Middle East trip &#8211; with visits to Israel and Saudi [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/bidens-middle-east-trip-shows-the-long-game-is-his-aim/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Saudi Arabia puts US relationship on the back burner</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/saudi-arabia-puts-us-relationship-on-the-back-burner/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/saudi-arabia-puts-us-relationship-on-the-back-burner/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Neil Quilliam]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Nov 2021 11:18:20 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Gulf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[External actors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1693</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Saudi reluctance to corral OPEC+ into raising production despite demands from the White House raises the question of what the US offers the kingdom in return. A short and productive November meeting saw OPEC+ quickly trot out a series of eloquently crafted messages which emphasized that, in spite of rising oil prices and short-term growth [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/saudi-arabia-puts-us-relationship-on-the-back-burner/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>The GCC in 2021: Outlook and key challenges</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/the-gcc-in-2021-outlook-and-key-challenges/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/the-gcc-in-2021-outlook-and-key-challenges/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sanam Vakil]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 29 Jan 2021 09:46:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Default]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bahrain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Qatar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1539</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Chatham House experts look ahead at what’s in store for the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries in 2021 including their relationship with the United States and with neighbours, energy dynamics and the transformation of their economies. Click here to read the expert comment.]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/the-gcc-in-2021-outlook-and-key-challenges/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Gulf economies need a transformed role for the state</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/gulf-economies-need-a-transformed-role-for-the-state/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/gulf-economies-need-a-transformed-role-for-the-state/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adel Hamaizia]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Jan 2021 09:38:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Gulf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bahrain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kuwait]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Political economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Qatar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UAE]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1530</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Gulf governments responded quickly and decisively to the shock of the pandemic with lockdowns among the toughest in the world, according to the Oxford Stringency Index, and as cases dropped, only the UAE has suffered a significant resurgence so far. Although economic policies have eased to support businesses and households, with central banks cutting interest [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/gulf-economies-need-a-transformed-role-for-the-state/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
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