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	<title>Regional &#8211; Kalam</title>
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	<title>Regional &#8211; Kalam</title>
	<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Beyond the uprisings: Pragmatic lessons from the Arab Spring</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/beyond-the-uprisings-pragmatic-lessons-from-the-arab-spring/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/beyond-the-uprisings-pragmatic-lessons-from-the-arab-spring/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Farea Al-Muslimi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Jun 2024 12:37:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=4525</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Nearly 15 years after the Arab Spring, the countries that experienced those uprisings have either slipped back into the grip of authoritarian leaders or are grappling with significant instability. For those individuals at the forefront of protest movements that advocated wide-ranging reforms, the inability to realize the goals of the uprisings has triggered a process [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/beyond-the-uprisings-pragmatic-lessons-from-the-arab-spring/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Arab revolutions: The history and legacy of the Arab left</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/arab-revolutions-the-history-and-legacy-of-the-arab-left/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/arab-revolutions-the-history-and-legacy-of-the-arab-left/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Laure Guirguis]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 27 Feb 2023 14:18:34 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1900</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[While there is understandable disappointment with the outcome of the Arab Spring, a revolution requires a long-term perspective, and its success cannot be judged by the seizure of power alone. The 2010-11 Arab uprisings surprised even the most seasoned observers. The wars and the rise of authoritarian regimes that followed the protests were often viewed [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/arab-revolutions-the-history-and-legacy-of-the-arab-left/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Cooperative and competitive approaches to a Middle East WMD Free Zone</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/cooperative-and-competitive-approaches-to-a-middle-east-wmd-free-zone/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/cooperative-and-competitive-approaches-to-a-middle-east-wmd-free-zone/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Peter Jones]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 2023 14:15:30 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1896</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[All Middle East states have agreed to the creation of a Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone (WMDFZ). There are, however, significant differences over how to get there.1 This paper approaches the issue on the basis of reflections on the nature of different kinds of confidence-building, arms control and disarmament negotiations. More specifically, it places [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/cooperative-and-competitive-approaches-to-a-middle-east-wmd-free-zone/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Regional security in the Middle East: The creative force of energy diplomacy</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/regional-security-in-the-middle-east-the-creative-force-of-energy-diplomacy/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/regional-security-in-the-middle-east-the-creative-force-of-energy-diplomacy/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Neil Quilliam]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Jan 2023 14:06:09 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1882</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Energy diplomacy has proven to be highly effective at encouraging cooperation among hostile states and, in turn, enhancing overall regional security. Given the centrality of energy to the well-being of all states, energy diplomacy, when deployed deftly, can leverage common vulnerabilities, and stimulate shared economic interests. Indeed, when deployed creatively, it can make the impossible [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/regional-security-in-the-middle-east-the-creative-force-of-energy-diplomacy/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Turkey’s Middle East reset policy and how it affects regional security dialogue</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/turkeys-middle-east-reset-policy-and-how-it-affects-regional-security-dialogue/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/turkeys-middle-east-reset-policy-and-how-it-affects-regional-security-dialogue/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Galip Dalay]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Dec 2022 14:03:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1878</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Mirroring trends seen elsewhere in the Middle East, Turkey is pursuing a policy of de-escalation towards and reset with erstwhile regional antagonists, namely the Gulf Arab states and Israel. With Iran and Greece, by contrast, further escalation and friction are on the horizon. Notwithstanding those tensions, Ankara appears open to engaging in regional security dialogues [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/turkeys-middle-east-reset-policy-and-how-it-affects-regional-security-dialogue/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Russian Approaches to Middle Eastern Security Cooperation</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/russian-approaches-to-middle-eastern-security-cooperation/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/russian-approaches-to-middle-eastern-security-cooperation/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nikolay Kozhanov]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Nov 2022 13:37:05 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[External actors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1837</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Russia&#8217;s invasion of Ukraine may serve to sharpen Moscow&#8217;s interest in the creation of a regional security system in the Middle East. This stems less from a desire to see the fruits of joint efforts for the region, and more from the potential to use the discussion process to project Russian power at little cost [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/russian-approaches-to-middle-eastern-security-cooperation/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>The rise of digital authoritarianism in MENA</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/the-rise-of-digital-authoritarianism-in-mena/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/the-rise-of-digital-authoritarianism-in-mena/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Marc O. Jones]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 Nov 2022 13:31:10 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1829</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Digital technology gives authoritarian governments increased access to the private domain of its citizens and is opening the door to more totalitarian forms of governance.  When the Arab uprisings started in 2010, social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube were relatively new and there was a general belief that these new digital tools [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/the-rise-of-digital-authoritarianism-in-mena/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Iran and multilateralism in the Middle East: Possibilities and constraints</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/iran-and-multilateralism-in-the-middle-east-possibilities-and-constraints/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/iran-and-multilateralism-in-the-middle-east-possibilities-and-constraints/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hamidreza Azizi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2022 13:28:41 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1825</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Since the victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1979, Iran&#8217;s view of regional security in the Middle East has been constant &#8211; namely that security in the region can be ensured only through cooperation among regional states and without any foreign interference. In this sense, dialogue and diplomacy are not only accepted but necessary. Notwithstanding [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/iran-and-multilateralism-in-the-middle-east-possibilities-and-constraints/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>A MENA regional approach to address the implications of climate change</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/a-mena-regional-approach-to-address-the-implications-of-climate-change/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/a-mena-regional-approach-to-address-the-implications-of-climate-change/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shira Efron]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Oct 2022 13:25:57 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Climate change]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1821</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is a climate hotspot. Already the most water-stressed region worldwide, it is warming and drying up at twice the average pace, making some parts of it likely unliveable by mid-century.1Climate change could also increase instability in the region, acting as a &#8216;threat multiplier&#8217; and exacerbating existing problems. While [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/a-mena-regional-approach-to-address-the-implications-of-climate-change/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Beyond a seat at the table: Women’s political participation and representation in the MENA region</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/beyond-a-seat-at-the-table-womens-political-participation-and-representation-in-the-mena-region/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/beyond-a-seat-at-the-table-womens-political-participation-and-representation-in-the-mena-region/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Lina Abou-Habib]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Oct 2022 13:22:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gender]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lebanon]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1815</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The way to achieve inclusive political participation and representation in the MENA region is through intersectional feminist voices with a transformative agenda. The abysmal participation and representation of women in political spaces in the MENA region is the result of a complex patriarchal system that is reinforced by discriminatory laws and social institutions as well [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/beyond-a-seat-at-the-table-womens-political-participation-and-representation-in-the-mena-region/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
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