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	<title>Turkey &#8211; Kalam</title>
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	<title>Turkey &#8211; Kalam</title>
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		<title>How Russia, Turkey and Iran are reshaping the Caucasus</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-russia-turkey-and-iran-are-reshaping-the-caucasus/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-russia-turkey-and-iran-are-reshaping-the-caucasus/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Natalie Sabanadze]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2025 10:40:24 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[External actors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5037</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In recent years, the South Caucasus has become a microcosm of multipolarity, with Russia, Turkey and Iran competing for influence and navigating a fragile mix of cooperation and rivalry. The post-Cold War regional order – dominated by Russia and defined by its standoff with the West – was structured around two main axes: the Russia–Armenia–Iran [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-russia-turkey-and-iran-are-reshaping-the-caucasus/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>From parallel ambitions to colliding spheres: Iran–Turkey rivalry in a connected region</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/from-parallel-ambitions-to-colliding-spheres-iran-turkey-rivalry-in-a-connected-region/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/from-parallel-ambitions-to-colliding-spheres-iran-turkey-rivalry-in-a-connected-region/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hamidreza Azizi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 Jul 2025 10:18:14 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5021</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[This article was written prior to the 12 June 2025 escalation between Iran and Israel. The collapse of Syria’s Assad regime in late 2024 marked a turning point in Iranian–Turkish competition. It not only undercut Iran’s axis of resistance but also gave Turkey a decisive advantage in Syria and reinforced its hand in the South [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/from-parallel-ambitions-to-colliding-spheres-iran-turkey-rivalry-in-a-connected-region/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Rivals within: How Iran and Turkey compete inside Iraq’s fractured politics</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/rivals-within-how-iran-and-turkey-compete-inside-iraqs-fractured-politics/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/rivals-within-how-iran-and-turkey-compete-inside-iraqs-fractured-politics/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kamaran Palani]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jun 2025 13:31:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Default]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5002</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[This article was written prior to the 12 June 2025 escalation between Iran and Israel. Since 2003, Iraq has emerged as a battleground for Iranian and Turkish influence. These regional powers avoid direct confrontation, instead pursuing strategic rivalry channelled through local actors, while selectively cooperating on shared interests such as opposing Kurdish independence. While major [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/rivals-within-how-iran-and-turkey-compete-inside-iraqs-fractured-politics/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Syria’s governance dilemma amid Turkey–Iran competition</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/syrias-governance-dilemma-amid-turkey-iran-competition/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/syrias-governance-dilemma-amid-turkey-iran-competition/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Haid Haid]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2025 10:49:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=4852</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Syria’s post-Assad transition marks a defining moment – one that presents both immense opportunities and complex challenges. Among the most critical and contentious debates is the model of governance that will shape Syria’s future. This issue is pivotal not only because of its far-reaching impact on daily life, and public services and institutions, but because [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/syrias-governance-dilemma-amid-turkey-iran-competition/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Competing visions: Turkey, Iran and the struggle to shape the regional order</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/competing-visions-turkey-iran-and-the-struggle-to-shape-the-regional-order/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/competing-visions-turkey-iran-and-the-struggle-to-shape-the-regional-order/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sanam Vakil]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Apr 2025 11:37:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & regional security]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=4831</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In an increasingly uncertain geopolitical landscape and amid intensifying competition between key powers, countries in the region are adjusting their foreign policy approaches in response to shifting power dynamics. These shifts are driven by several factors, including US–China tensions, global fragmentation, ongoing regional rivalries and pronounced instability. In the absence of a comprehensive regional security [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/competing-visions-turkey-iran-and-the-struggle-to-shape-the-regional-order/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>How politics in Turkey has been shaped by Syria’s war</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-politics-in-turkey-has-been-shaped-by-syrias-war/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-politics-in-turkey-has-been-shaped-by-syrias-war/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Galip Dalay]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 Aug 2023 09:00:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=3172</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Syrian war has left its indelible imprint on Turkey’s domestic politics and its effects will be felt for a long time to come. While a wave of normalization efforts suggest the Middle East has entered a post-Arab Spring period, the impact of the uprisings continue to shape domestic politics across the region. In Turkey, [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-politics-in-turkey-has-been-shaped-by-syrias-war/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Turkey’s Middle East reset policy and how it affects regional security dialogue</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/turkeys-middle-east-reset-policy-and-how-it-affects-regional-security-dialogue/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/turkeys-middle-east-reset-policy-and-how-it-affects-regional-security-dialogue/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Galip Dalay]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Dec 2022 14:03:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1878</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Mirroring trends seen elsewhere in the Middle East, Turkey is pursuing a policy of de-escalation towards and reset with erstwhile regional antagonists, namely the Gulf Arab states and Israel. With Iran and Greece, by contrast, further escalation and friction are on the horizon. Notwithstanding those tensions, Ankara appears open to engaging in regional security dialogues [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/turkeys-middle-east-reset-policy-and-how-it-affects-regional-security-dialogue/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Turkey gains much from NATO, but a rocky road lies ahead</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/turkey-gains-much-from-nato-but-a-rocky-road-lies-ahead/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/turkey-gains-much-from-nato-but-a-rocky-road-lies-ahead/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Galip Dalay]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jul 2022 12:23:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1753</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Turkey benefits from NATO’s Strategic Concept and is in a celebratory mood over a new deal with Sweden and Finland. But interpretation is the key to success. With NATO’s new Strategic Concept being designed to address a global security environment defined by the great power competition, it was key for Ankara to ensure that the [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/turkey-gains-much-from-nato-but-a-rocky-road-lies-ahead/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Ukraine’s wider impact on Turkey’s international future</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/ukraines-wider-impact-on-turkeys-international-future/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/ukraines-wider-impact-on-turkeys-international-future/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Galip Dalay]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Mar 2022 12:07:31 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1729</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Turkey&#8217;s geopolitical balancing act when dealing with Russia means trying to be pro-Kyiv without being overtly anti-Moscow. But this may soon face a reality check. Turkey&#8217;s traditional policy on Ukraine &#8211; a mix of deterrence with dialogue towards Russia &#8211; is now in need of revision with the failure of the first part. But although [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/ukraines-wider-impact-on-turkeys-international-future/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Middle East policy shows Turkey&#8217;s new desire for allies</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/middle-east-policy-shows-turkeys-new-desire-for-allies/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/middle-east-policy-shows-turkeys-new-desire-for-allies/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Galip Dalay]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 May 2021 10:33:57 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Regional]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1601</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Although there is no golden era in Turkish-Egyptian relations, the post-2013 period has been exceptionally bad. Turkey was the most vocal opponent of the Egyptian coup of 2013 which removed the country&#8217;s first democratically-elected Islamist president Mohammed Morsi from power, while Istanbul became one of the main destinations for the Egyptian opposition fleeing the post-coup [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/middle-east-policy-shows-turkeys-new-desire-for-allies/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
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