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	<title>North Africa &#8211; Kalam</title>
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	<title>North Africa &#8211; Kalam</title>
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	<item>
		<title>The EU’s actions in Egypt appear to contradict its refugee rights commitments</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/the-eus-actions-in-egypt-appear-to-contradict-its-refugee-rights-commitments/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/the-eus-actions-in-egypt-appear-to-contradict-its-refugee-rights-commitments/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Isabel Rosenbaum]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 May 2026 15:43:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[North Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Egypt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[External actors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Recent]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5493</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[On 10 December 2025, the European Union’s High Representative to Egypt issued a statement in honour of Human Rights Day, encouraging the Egyptian audience to ‘…continue building a world where human rights are lived – every day, by everyone.’ However, the EU’s engagement with Egypt on refugee rights stands in contrast to this statement. Months [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/the-eus-actions-in-egypt-appear-to-contradict-its-refugee-rights-commitments/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Ending the destructive ambiguity of the Western Sahara peace process</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/ending-the-destructive-ambiguity-of-the-western-sahara-peace-process/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/ending-the-destructive-ambiguity-of-the-western-sahara-peace-process/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jacob Mundy]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Mar 2026 16:34:12 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[North Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Morocco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Recent]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5404</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Seemingly out of nowhere, high-level negotiations between Morocco and the Western Saharan independence movement have resumed after a hiatus of nearly seven years. Equally surprising is the pace of these encounters: three so far since late January 2026 – two in Washington, DC, and one in Madrid. For two decades, UN mediators had been fortunate [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/ending-the-destructive-ambiguity-of-the-western-sahara-peace-process/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Realignment in the Maghreb: How Algeria is shaping Tunisia’s political trajectory</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/realignment-in-the-maghreb-how-algeria-is-shaping-tunisias-political-trajectory/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/realignment-in-the-maghreb-how-algeria-is-shaping-tunisias-political-trajectory/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Safae El Yaaqoubi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Nov 2025 12:17:43 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[North Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Algeria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tunisia]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5226</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[When Tunisia’s political crisis began in 2021, it was widely viewed as a domestic breakdown, driven by institutional gridlock, economic pressure, and President Kais Saied’s consolidation of power. But as Tunisia grew more isolated, external actors, most notably Algeria, began exerting greater influence over its trajectory. Algeria has since taken a more assertive role, offering [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/realignment-in-the-maghreb-how-algeria-is-shaping-tunisias-political-trajectory/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Lessons from Morocco’s protests: Why MENA governments still need citizens’ buy-in</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/lessons-from-moroccos-protests-why-mena-governments-still-need-citizens-buy-in/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/lessons-from-moroccos-protests-why-mena-governments-still-need-citizens-buy-in/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hayder Al-Shakeri]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2025 12:09:04 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[North Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Morocco]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5186</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In Morocco, youth-led protests have spread across several cities, organized through platforms such as TikTok and Discord. What began as outrage over reports that eight women died while giving birth at a public hospital in Agadir has evolved into a broader movement demanding better healthcare, education and jobs. One chant captured the public mood: ‘Stadiums [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/lessons-from-moroccos-protests-why-mena-governments-still-need-citizens-buy-in/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>From framework to action: Local participation in Morocco&#8217;s climate journey</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/from-framework-to-action-local-participation-in-moroccos-climate-journey/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/from-framework-to-action-local-participation-in-moroccos-climate-journey/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sabrine Emran]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2025 12:15:32 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[North Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Morocco]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5167</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Morocco&#8217;s environmental governance rests on a comprehensive constitutional and legal architecture that establishes the right to a healthy environment as a fundamental right. The 2011 Constitution obliges the state to ensure equal access to water, a healthy environment, and sustainable development while also requiring the protection of natural resources and future generations, and guaranteeing equal [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/from-framework-to-action-local-participation-in-moroccos-climate-journey/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Algeria’s youth after Hirak: Pathways for reform and inclusion</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/algerias-youth-after-hirak-pathways-for-reform-and-inclusion/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/algerias-youth-after-hirak-pathways-for-reform-and-inclusion/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zine Labidine Ghebouli]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Sep 2025 11:29:01 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[North Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Algeria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5113</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[On 5 July, Algeria celebrated 63 years of independence after 132 years of French colonial rule. The anniversary’s official designation – ‘Independence and Youth Day’ – underscores the symbolic and historic relationship between Algerian aspirations after reclaiming sovereignty and the role of youth in national development. Young people, who account for almost 70 percent of [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/algerias-youth-after-hirak-pathways-for-reform-and-inclusion/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Empowering local actors to ensure climate resilience in Libya</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/empowering-local-actors-to-ensure-climate-resilience-in-libya/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/empowering-local-actors-to-ensure-climate-resilience-in-libya/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Malak Altaeb]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Sep 2025 10:29:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[North Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Libya]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=5079</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Political fragmentation and instability have harmed Libya’s ability to manage its natural resources and mitigate the rising impacts of climate change. In 2019, the country was ranked among the top 25 most water-stressed nations worldwide by the World Resources Institute, and it faces mounting environmental challenges – from desertification and rising temperatures to frequent extreme [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/empowering-local-actors-to-ensure-climate-resilience-in-libya/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>The outsider threat: how economic policy could endanger Sisi’s rule in Egypt</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/the-outsider-threat-how-economic-policy-could-endanger-sisis-rule-in-egypt/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/the-outsider-threat-how-economic-policy-could-endanger-sisis-rule-in-egypt/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Molly Hickey]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Jun 2025 12:54:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[North Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Egypt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=4971</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Every autocrat must navigate threats from both within the regime and among broader society to maintain power. Insider challenges, such as elite defection and military dissent, can be just as dangerous as outsider threats from mass protests and opposition parties. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who rose to power via an internal coup, has carefully [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/the-outsider-threat-how-economic-policy-could-endanger-sisis-rule-in-egypt/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>How Egypt can accelerate its fast-growing green finance agenda</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-egypt-can-accelerate-its-fast-growing-green-finance-agenda/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-egypt-can-accelerate-its-fast-growing-green-finance-agenda/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ahmed Aboudouh]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 May 2025 09:47:44 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[North Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Egypt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Political economy]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=4876</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Egypt has made strides in harmonizing its financial and regulatory frameworks to achieve two key objectives simultaneously: promoting a greener economy and executing an ambitious development strategy. However, tremendous challenges lie ahead for Egypt, including monetary and fiscal imbalances, overreliance on external development banks and slow progress in utilizing revenue-generating resources related to climate initiatives. [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-egypt-can-accelerate-its-fast-growing-green-finance-agenda/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Is Tunisia really turning East?</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/is-tunisia-really-turning-east/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/is-tunisia-really-turning-east/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mohamed Dhia Hammami]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Apr 2025 12:23:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[North Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[External actors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tunisia]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=4843</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[President Kais Saied’s recent outreach to non-Western powers – from visits to Beijing and Tehran to hints of Moscow ties – has raised the question of whether Tunisia is ‘turning East.’ But is President Saied truly reorienting Tunisia&#8217;s foreign policy towards Eastern powers and away from its historical Western alliances, and adopting a ‘non-aligned position’?   [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/is-tunisia-really-turning-east/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
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