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	<title>Sultan Al Kanj &#8211; Kalam</title>
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	<title>Sultan Al Kanj &#8211; Kalam</title>
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	<item>
		<title>In the Wake of Assad Regime Gains, How Will Turkey–Russia Relations Shift?</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/in-the-wake-of-assad-regime-gains-how-will-turkey-russia-relations-shift/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/in-the-wake-of-assad-regime-gains-how-will-turkey-russia-relations-shift/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sultan Al Kanj]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Feb 2020 08:49:04 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[External actors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1463</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The rapprochement between Turkey and Russia ended when Russia began to move in on rebel territory in Idlib and the Aleppo countryside. From joint gas and arms deals to their role as power brokers in the Libyan conflict, Turkey and Russia depend on one another as both face economic crises and worsening relations with the [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/in-the-wake-of-assad-regime-gains-how-will-turkey-russia-relations-shift/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Iran and Turkey Have Built an Enduring Relationship</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/iran-and-turkey-have-built-an-enduring-relationship/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/iran-and-turkey-have-built-an-enduring-relationship/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sultan Al Kanj]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Feb 2020 08:43:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1449</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Iran has been consolidating its presence in Aleppo after Syrian regime forces and regime-affiliated militias took control of the city with support from Iranian militias and Russian aircraft. Iran is now seriously enmeshed in the battle for Idlib after being inactive during the previous months, when it did not participate in the battles led by [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/iran-and-turkey-have-built-an-enduring-relationship/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Divides in the Guardians of Religion Organization</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/divides-in-the-guardians-of-religion-organization/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/divides-in-the-guardians-of-religion-organization/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sultan Al Kanj]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jan 2020 08:38:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1435</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Guardians of Religion Organization arose out of several battalions and military groups that had adopted the ideology of Al-Qaeda and Salafi jihadism. It was formed after Jabhat al-Nusra announced its dissociation from Al-Qaeda, changing its name to Jabhat Fatah al-Sham and subsequently merging with factions and other entities within Hay&#8217;at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). This [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/divides-in-the-guardians-of-religion-organization/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Can Turkey Win Over HTS?</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/can-turkey-win-over-hts/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/can-turkey-win-over-hts/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sultan Al Kanj]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Dec 2019 08:13:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1402</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Turkey has pressured factions belonging to the Free Syrian Army and National Front for Liberation into combining into a single entity, the National Army. It is made up of seven units (three in the northern countryside of Aleppo and four in Idlib) and numbers 80,000 fighters under the command of the Syrian Interim Government&#8217;s Ministry [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/can-turkey-win-over-hts/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>HTS: Toning Down the Jihadist Rhetoric &#8211; Part 2</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/hts-toning-down-the-jihadist-rhetoric-part-2/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/hts-toning-down-the-jihadist-rhetoric-part-2/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sultan Al Kanj]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Oct 2019 07:52:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1358</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[For a long time, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) has refrained from publishing periodicals and leaflets that speak of jihad and its virtues, nor distributing booklets in mosques and institutes on the strength of its approach and intellectual certainty. There are multiple reasons for this toning down of its rhetoric, including the organization’s desire to detach [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/hts-toning-down-the-jihadist-rhetoric-part-2/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>HTS Faces the Challenge of Managing Moderation &#8211; Part 1</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/hts-faces-the-challenge-of-managing-moderation-part-1/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/hts-faces-the-challenge-of-managing-moderation-part-1/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sultan Al Kanj]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 Oct 2019 07:49:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governance & accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1352</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The religious and legal discourse of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) has shifted as a result of its evolution from Jabhat al-Nusra through Jabhat Fatah al-Sham to today. HTS has often absorbed broad elements and doctrines in the areas under its control and avoided confrontation. A notable example is its lack of opposition to approaches based [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/hts-faces-the-challenge-of-managing-moderation-part-1/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>HTS Tries to ‘Syrianize’</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/hts-tries-to-syrianize/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/hts-tries-to-syrianize/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sultan Al Kanj]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Aug 2019 07:40:02 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Conflict & violence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1334</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Hay&#8217;at Tahrir al-Sham has gone through different stages of existence since the beginning of its formation as al-Nusra Front (Jabhat al-Nusra) and then as Jabhat Fateh al-Sham to its latest iteration under the name of Hay&#8217;at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). HTS&#8217; approach has evolved from believing in the principle of global jihad and drawing on the [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/hts-tries-to-syrianize/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>How each side of the Syrian conflict uses tribal influence</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-each-side-of-the-syrian-conflict-uses-tribal-influence/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-each-side-of-the-syrian-conflict-uses-tribal-influence/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sultan Al Kanj]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Jul 2019 07:28:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Conflict & violence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1308</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In recent months, the number of tribal meetings and formations has grown significantly in Syria, and all sides &#8211; including the Syrian regime, the revolutionary factions and the Syrian Democratic Forces &#8211; have made vocal demands to revive tribal affiliations. Some supporters of the Syrian revolution believe that reviving tribal affiliations will contribute to social [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/how-each-side-of-the-syrian-conflict-uses-tribal-influence/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Reviewing the Turkey–HTS Relationship</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/reviewing-the-turkey-hts-relationship/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/reviewing-the-turkey-hts-relationship/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sultan Al Kanj]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 May 2019 13:35:05 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1242</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Relations between Turkey and Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) have fluctuated depending on changes in the stance of HTS along with developments in the region and on the battlefield in Syria. They have also depended on Turkey’s shifting position and its alliances with Western countries and Russia, especially after the US backed Kurdish forces in their [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/reviewing-the-turkey-hts-relationship/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>ISIS: The State of Play</title>
		<link>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/isis-the-state-of-play/</link>
					<comments>https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/isis-the-state-of-play/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sultan Al Kanj]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Mar 2019 13:01:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Levant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geopolitics & security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kalam.chathamhouse.org/?p=1220</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The jihadist group has been driven from its last areas of control, but it survives. In the coming months, it will both shift its strategy and try to capitalize on continuing instability. ISIS has suffered the loss of the last area it controlled in Syria, the pocket in the Al-Shaafah-Al-Susah-Hajin triangle, after fierce battles with [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
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