How the Conflict Changed the Syrian State’s Exercise of Power
The Syrian regime has become increasingly reliant on profiteers and external actors – specifically, Russia and Iran – pursuing their own interests.
Click here to download this research paper in Arabic.
Kalam (Arabic and Persian for ‘speech’ or ‘discourse’) is the microsite of the Middle East and North Africa Programme (MENAP) at Chatham House.
Kalam (Arabic and Persian for ‘speech’ or ‘discourse’) is the microsite of the Middle East and North Africa Programme (MENAP) at Chatham House.
