{"id":5652,"date":"2026-10-02T08:37:17","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T08:37:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/?p=5652"},"modified":"2026-10-02T08:37:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T08:37:17","slug":"%d9%82%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0648\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0640 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0628<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634<\/a>\u060c \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062b\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0651\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623\u0629\u064b<\/a> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0650\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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