{"id":5544,"date":"2026-06-15T08:48:33","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T08:48:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/?p=5544"},"modified":"2026-06-15T08:48:33","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T08:48:33","slug":"%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0644\u064e\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062f\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064d \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/a> \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0631\u062d\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0650\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

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\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

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