{"id":514,"date":"2023-06-20T22:36:46","date_gmt":"2023-06-20T22:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/home\/"},"modified":"2024-05-14T11:29:30","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T11:29:30","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"514\" class=\"elementor elementor-514 elementor-243\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c1c590 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7c1c590\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-901f1a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-upk-camux-slider\" data-id=\"901f1a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A5%D8%B6%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87\" >\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF\" >\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%90%D9%91_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%87_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9\" >\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%87%D9%84_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%9F-2\" >\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u061f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB\" >\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%87%D9%84_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%9F-3\" >\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u061f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul 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href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A5%D8%B6%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87-2\" >\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0647<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li 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href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A5%D8%B6%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87-3\" >\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0647<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li 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href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-2\" >\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1\" >\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0643\u0631<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-3\" >\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 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href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF\" >\u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0627\u062f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF-3\" >\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 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href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%90%D9%91_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%87_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-2\" >\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%90%D9%91_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%87_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-3\" >\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8D_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%91%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%91_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%90%D8%A6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%91%D9%87-2\" >\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0650\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0647<\/a><ul 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href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86\" >\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a: \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%AD%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B1\" >\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062d\u0627, \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u063a\u0631<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-2\" >\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a: \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li 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href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AB%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86\" >\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A\" >\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u064a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AB%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-2\" >\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D9%8F%D8%AE%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%82\" >\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF\" >\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D9%8F%D8%AE%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%82-2\" >\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642<\/a><ul 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href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%87%D9%84_%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%9F\" >\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" 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\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B3\" >\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0628\u0633<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%82%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%82%D9%89_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-2\" >\u064a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B3\" >\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0628\u0633<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#In_case_you_missed_it\" >In case you missed it<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#Aleppos_fall_wont_end_the_Syrian_conflict_%E2%80%93_it_will_signal_a_more_terrifying_stage\" >Aleppo\u2019s fall won\u2019t end the Syrian conflict \u2013 it will signal a more terrifying stage<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#Haid_Haid\" >Haid Haid<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#Aleppos_fall_wont_end_the_Syrian_conflict_%E2%80%93_it_will_signal_a_more_terrifying_stage-2\" >Aleppo\u2019s fall won\u2019t end the Syrian conflict \u2013 it will signal a more terrifying stage<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_Haid_Haid\" >\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: Haid Haid<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#Iraq_After_the_Fall_of_ISIS_The_Struggle_for_the_State\" >Iraq After the Fall of ISIS: The Struggle for the State<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#Renad_Mansour\" >Renad Mansour<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#Iraq_After_the_Fall_of_ISIS_The_Struggle_for_the_State-2\" >Iraq After the Fall of ISIS: The Struggle for the State<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_Renad_Mansour\" >\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: Renad Mansour<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#Keeping_Syrian_refugees_out_has_not_made_Turkey_secure\" >Keeping Syrian refugees out has not made Turkey secure<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#Haid_Haid-2\" >Haid Haid<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#Keeping_Syrian_refugees_out_has_not_made_Turkey_secure-2\" >Keeping Syrian refugees out has not made Turkey secure<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_Haid_Haid-2\" >\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: Haid Haid<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#Local_Community_Resistance_to_Extremist_Groups_in_Syria_Lessons_from_Atarib\" >Local Community Resistance to Extremist Groups in Syria: Lessons from Atarib<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#Haid_Haid-3\" >Haid Haid<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#Local_Community_Resistance_to_Extremist_Groups_in_Syria_Lessons_from_Atarib-2\" >Local Community Resistance to Extremist Groups in Syria: Lessons from Atarib<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_Haid_Haid-3\" >\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: Haid Haid<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"upk-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%87%D9%84_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%9F\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a5%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86\/\" title=\"\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u061f\" class=\"title-animation-\" aria-label=\"\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u061f\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u061f<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-meta\" data-swiper-parallax-y=\"-50\" data-swiper-parallax-duration=\"1000\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-author-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"upk-by\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628:<\/span>\n\t\t\t<a class=\"upk-name\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/author\/haddon-barth\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-separator=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-date\">\n\t\t\t24 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\u060c 2026\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-item swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-img-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743.jpg\" class=\"upk-img\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0647\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743-768x504.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-swiper-parallax-y=\"-100\" data-swiper-parallax-duration=\"800\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"upk-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A5%D8%B6%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7\/\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0647\" class=\"title-animation-\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0647\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0647<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-meta\" data-swiper-parallax-y=\"-50\" data-swiper-parallax-duration=\"1000\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-author-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"upk-by\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628:<\/span>\n\t\t\t<a class=\"upk-name\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/author\/ali-hussein-al-khafajy\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-separator=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-date\">\n\t\t\t19 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\u060c 2026\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-item swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-img-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1702\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-scaled.jpg\" class=\"upk-img\" alt=\"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-2048x1362.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-swiper-parallax-y=\"-100\" data-swiper-parallax-duration=\"800\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"upk-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85%ef%b9%bc%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a5%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a7\/\" title=\"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\" class=\"title-animation-\" aria-label=\"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-meta\" data-swiper-parallax-y=\"-50\" data-swiper-parallax-duration=\"1000\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-author-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"upk-by\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628:<\/span>\n\t\t\t<a class=\"upk-name\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/author\/kevin-awkar\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0643\u0631\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-separator=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-date\">\n\t\t\t17 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\u060c 2026\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-item swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-img-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1862\" height=\"1242\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359.jpg\" class=\"upk-img\" alt=\"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359.jpg 1862w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1862px) 100vw, 1862px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-swiper-parallax-y=\"-100\" data-swiper-parallax-duration=\"800\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"upk-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%8c-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%86%d9%81\/\" title=\"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\" class=\"title-animation-\" aria-label=\"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-meta\" data-swiper-parallax-y=\"-50\" data-swiper-parallax-duration=\"1000\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-author-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"upk-by\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628:<\/span>\n\t\t\t<a class=\"upk-name\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/author\/sajad-jiyad\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0627\u062f\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-separator=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-date\">\n\t\t\t16 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u060c 2026\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-item swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-img-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199.jpg\" class=\"upk-img\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-swiper-parallax-y=\"-100\" data-swiper-parallax-duration=\"800\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"upk-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%90%D9%91_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%87_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%b6%d9%85%d9%90%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.\" class=\"title-animation-\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-meta\" data-swiper-parallax-y=\"-50\" data-swiper-parallax-duration=\"1000\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-author-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"upk-by\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628:<\/span>\n\t\t\t<a class=\"upk-name\" href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/author\/abdulla-al-kalisy\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-separator=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-date\">\n\t\t\t18 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u060c 2026\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-navigation-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-navigation-prev\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"upk-icon-arrow-left-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-navigation-next\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"upk-icon-arrow-right-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div thumbsSlider=\"\" class=\"upk-camux-thumbs swiper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-item swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-img-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-scaled.jpg\" class=\"upk-img\" alt=\"\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u061f\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-item swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-img-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743.jpg\" class=\"upk-img\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0647\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743-768x504.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-item swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-img-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1702\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-scaled.jpg\" class=\"upk-img\" alt=\"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-2048x1362.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-item swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-img-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1862\" height=\"1242\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359.jpg\" class=\"upk-img\" alt=\"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359.jpg 1862w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1862px) 100vw, 1862px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-item swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"upk-img-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199.jpg\" class=\"upk-img\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27a1e28 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"27a1e28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e85cbb1 alm-listing container e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e85cbb1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe77215 elementor-grid-4 posts-list elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"fe77215\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;custom_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;custom_pro_features&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;custom_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:24,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.custom\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"ecs-posts elementor-posts-container elementor-posts   elementor-grid elementor-posts--skin-custom\" data-settings=\"{&quot;current_page&quot;:1,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:17,&quot;load_method&quot;:&quot;loadmore&quot;,&quot;widget_id&quot;:&quot;fe77215&quot;,&quot;post_id&quot;:5560,&quot;theme_id&quot;:514,&quot;change_url&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;reinit_js&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\n      \t\t<article id=\"post-5611\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5611 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-governance-and-accountability-ar tag-featured-ar tag-syria-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5611 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-governance-and-accountability-ar tag-featured-ar tag-syria-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a5%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5609\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>24 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%87%D9%84_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%9F-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a5%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86\/\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u061f<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB\"><\/span>\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/governance-and-accountability-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/syria-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a5%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5609\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_16222602ae-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/governance-and-accountability-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/syria-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%87%D9%84_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%9F-3\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a5%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86\/\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u061f<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>24 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5604\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5604 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-political-economy-ar tag-iraq-ar tag-featured-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5604 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-political-economy-ar tag-iraq-ar tag-featured-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5600\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743-768x504.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>19 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A5%D8%B6%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0647<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A\"><\/span>\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/political-economy-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5600\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-1242136743-768x504.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/political-economy-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A5%D8%B6%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87-3\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0647<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>19 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5614\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5614 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-governance-and-accountability-ar tag-featured-ar tag-lebanon-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5614 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-governance-and-accountability-ar tag-featured-ar tag-lebanon-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85%ef%b9%bc%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a5%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a7\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1702\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5594\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-2048x1362.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>17 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85%ef%b9%bc%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a5%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a7\/\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0643\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/governance-and-accountability-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/lebanon-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85%ef%b9%bc%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a5%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a7\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1702\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5594\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/shutterstock_editorial_15307608k-2048x1362.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/governance-and-accountability-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/lebanon-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-3\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85%ef%b9%bc%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a5%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a7\/\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>17 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0643\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5582\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5582 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-governance-and-accountability-ar tag-iraq-ar tag-featured-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5582 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-governance-and-accountability-ar tag-iraq-ar tag-featured-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%8c-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%86%d9%81\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1862\" height=\"1242\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5569\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359.jpg 1862w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1862px) 100vw, 1862px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>16 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%8c-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%86%d9%81\/\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF\"><\/span>\u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0627\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/governance-and-accountability-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%8c-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%86%d9%81\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1862\" height=\"1242\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5569\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359.jpg 1862w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3EFD359-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1862px) 100vw, 1862px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/governance-and-accountability-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF-3\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%8c-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%86%d9%81\/\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>16 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0627\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5560\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5560 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-governance-and-accountability-ar tag-iraq-ar tag-featured-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5560 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-governance-and-accountability-ar tag-iraq-ar tag-featured-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%b6%d9%85%d9%90%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5557\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>18 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%90%D9%91_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%87_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%b6%d9%85%d9%90%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A\"><\/span>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/governance-and-accountability-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%b6%d9%85%d9%90%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5557\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2281374199-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/governance-and-accountability-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%90%D9%91_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%87_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-3\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%b6%d9%85%d9%90%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>18 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5544\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5544 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-geopolitics-security tag-iraq-ar tag-featured-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5544 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-geopolitics-security tag-iraq-ar tag-featured-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2278996676.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5546\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2278996676.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2278996676-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2278996676-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>15 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%9F\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af\/\">\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2278996676.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5546\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2278996676.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2278996676-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GettyImages-2278996676-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%9F-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af\/\">\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>15 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5531\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5531 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-geopolitics-security tag-featured-ar tag-palestine-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5531 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-geopolitics-security tag-featured-ar tag-palestine-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%aa-%d8%ba%d8%b2%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5533\" alt=\"Palestinians walk amid the rubble of destroyed buildings in Jabalia, in the northern Gaza Strip, on May 6, 2026.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>29 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%91%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%aa-%d8%ba%d8%b2%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u063a\u0632\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/palestine-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%aa-%d8%ba%d8%b2%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5533\" alt=\"Palestinians walk amid the rubble of destroyed buildings in Jabalia, in the northern Gaza Strip, on May 6, 2026.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_16863428e-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/palestine-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%91%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%aa-%d8%ba%d8%b2%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u063a\u0632\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>29 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5521\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5521 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-governance-and-accountability tag-iraq-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5521 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-governance-and-accountability tag-iraq-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b6%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%a4%d8%af%d9%91%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5519\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>20 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AF%D9%91%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b6%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%a4%d8%af%d9%91%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a\/\">\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u0642: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/governance-and-accountability\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Governance &amp; accountability<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b6%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%a4%d8%af%d9%91%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5519\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_10818294g-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/governance-and-accountability\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Governance &amp; accountability<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AF%D9%91%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b6%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%a4%d8%af%d9%91%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a\/\">\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u0642: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>20 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5523\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5523 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-conflict-and-violence tag-syria-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5523 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-conflict-and-violence tag-syria-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8d-%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%91%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1436\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5511\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-1024x574.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-1536x862.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-2048x1149.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>14 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8D_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%91%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%91_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%90%D8%A6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%91%D9%87\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8d-%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%91%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0650\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0647<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81\"><\/span>\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0641<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/conflict-and-violence\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Conflict &amp; violence<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/syria-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8d-%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%91%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1436\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5511\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-1024x574.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-1536x862.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/shutterstock_editorial_15189031a-2048x1149.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/conflict-and-violence\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Conflict &amp; violence<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/syria-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8D_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%91%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%91_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%90%D8%A6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%91%D9%87-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8d-%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%91%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0650\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0647<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>14 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0641<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5490\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5490 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-syria-ar tag-lebanon-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5490 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-syria-ar tag-lebanon-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%b1\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5483\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>22 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%b1\/\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a: \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%AD%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062d\u0627, \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u063a\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/syria-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/lebanon-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%b1\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5483\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15624776af-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/syria-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/lebanon-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%b1\/\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a: \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>22 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%AD%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062d\u0627, \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u063a\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5460\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5460 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-geopolitics-security tag-iraq-ar tag-featured-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5460 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-geopolitics-security tag-iraq-ar tag-featured-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%81%d8%b9%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%ab%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%b9\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1829\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5461\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-1536x1097.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-2048x1463.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>10 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AB%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%81%d8%b9%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%ab%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%b9\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A\"><\/span>\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u064a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%81%d8%b9%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%ab%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%b9\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1829\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5461\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-1536x1097.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_16100644a-2048x1463.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AB%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%81%d8%b9%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%ab%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%b9\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>10 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u064a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5464\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5464 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-geopolitics-security\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5464 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-geopolitics-security\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%86%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%8a%d9%8f%d8%ae%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ae\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5470\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>9 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D9%8F%D8%AE%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%82\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%86%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%8a%d9%8f%d8%ae%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ae\/\">\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF\"><\/span>\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%86%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%8a%d9%8f%d8%ae%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ae\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5470\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/shutterstock_editorial_15167936g-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D9%8F%D8%AE%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%82-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%86%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%8a%d9%8f%d8%ae%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ae\/\">\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>9 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5445\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5445 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-378 category-382 tag-geopolitics-security tag-featured-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5445 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-378 category-382 tag-geopolitics-security tag-featured-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%ba%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b6%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1623\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5452\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-1024x649.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-768x487.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-1536x974.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-2048x1299.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>31 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%87%D9%84_%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%9F\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%ba%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b6%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85\/\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B5%D8%B9%D8%A8\"><\/span>\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0628<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%ba%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b6%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1623\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5452\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-1024x649.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-768x487.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-1536x974.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16780723a-2048x1299.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%ac\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%87%D9%84_%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%9F-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%ba%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b6%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85\/\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>31 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B5%D8%B9%D8%A8\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0628<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5447\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5447 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-geopolitics-security tag-featured-ar tag-lebanon-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5447 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-geopolitics-security tag-featured-ar tag-lebanon-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81-%d9%8a%d8%b5%d8%a8%d9%8f%d9%91-%d8%a3%d9%8a%d9%91-%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8-%d9%84%d8%a8\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5449\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>31 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%8F%D9%91_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%91_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81-%d9%8a%d8%b5%d8%a8%d9%8f%d9%91-%d8%a3%d9%8a%d9%91-%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8-%d9%84%d8%a8\/\">\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u0651\u064f \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9\"><\/span>\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631, \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/lebanon-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81-%d9%8a%d8%b5%d8%a8%d9%8f%d9%91-%d8%a3%d9%8a%d9%91-%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8-%d9%84%d8%a8\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5449\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16798618i-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/lebanon-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%8F%D9%91_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%91_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81-%d9%8a%d8%b5%d8%a8%d9%8f%d9%91-%d8%a3%d9%8a%d9%91-%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8-%d9%84%d8%a8\/\">\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u0651\u064f \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>31 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631, \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5456\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5456 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-governance-and-accountability tag-iraq-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5456 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-76 tag-governance-and-accountability tag-iraq-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1709\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5436\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-2048x1367.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>27 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af\/\">\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85\"><\/span>\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/governance-and-accountability\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Governance &amp; accountability<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1709\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5436\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_8859-2048x1367.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/governance-and-accountability\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Governance &amp; accountability<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/iraq-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af\/\">\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>27 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-5428\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5428 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-378 tag-geopolitics-security tag-external-actors-ar tag-featured-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-5428 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-378 tag-geopolitics-security tag-external-actors-ar tag-featured-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%82%d9%89-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%82%d9%89-%d9%82\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5430\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>27 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%82%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%82%D9%89_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%82%d9%89-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%82%d9%89-%d9%82\/\">\u064a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B3\"><\/span>\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0628\u0633<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/external-actors-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%82%d9%89-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%82%d9%89-%d9%82\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5430\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_editorial_16790556f-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/geopolitics-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/external-actors-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/featured-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%82%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%82%D9%89_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%82%d9%89-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%82%d9%89-%d9%82\/\">\u064a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>27 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B3\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0628\u0633<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-pagination\" role=\"navigation\" 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>><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b84d64a e-con-full container elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b84d64a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4248230 e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4248230\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19e59be container elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"19e59be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_missed_it\"><\/span>In case you missed it<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31299a8 e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"31299a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03adf35 elementor-grid-4 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"03adf35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;custom_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.custom\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"ecs-posts elementor-posts-container elementor-posts   elementor-grid elementor-posts--skin-custom\" data-settings=\"{&quot;current_page&quot;:1,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;load_method&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;widget_id&quot;:&quot;03adf35&quot;,&quot;post_id&quot;:5428,&quot;theme_id&quot;:514,&quot;change_url&quot;:false,&quot;reinit_js&quot;:false}\">\n      \t\t<article id=\"post-714\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-714 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-governance-and-accountability tag-syria\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-714 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-governance-and-accountability tag-syria\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-712\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>20 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aleppos_fall_wont_end_the_Syrian_conflict_%E2%80%93_it_will_signal_a_more_terrifying_stage\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage\/\">Aleppo\u2019s fall won\u2019t end the Syrian conflict \u2013 it will signal a more terrifying stage<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Haid_Haid\"><\/span>Haid Haid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/governance-and-accountability\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Governance &amp; accountability<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/syria\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Syria<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-712\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/governance-and-accountability\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Governance &amp; accountability<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/syria\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Syria<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aleppos_fall_wont_end_the_Syrian_conflict_%E2%80%93_it_will_signal_a_more_terrifying_stage-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/aleppos-fall-wont-end-the-syrian-conflict-it-will-signal-a-more-terrifying-stage\/\">Aleppo\u2019s fall won\u2019t end the Syrian conflict \u2013 it will signal a more terrifying stage<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>20 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_Haid_Haid\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: Haid Haid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-769\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-769 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-governance-and-accountability\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-769 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-governance-and-accountability\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/iraq-after-the-fall-of-isis-the-struggle-for-the-state\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"714\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/U8MiSJ7I0erumkmuhq6GaO9P0jsP2fMoiLRLLylB.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-767\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/U8MiSJ7I0erumkmuhq6GaO9P0jsP2fMoiLRLLylB.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/U8MiSJ7I0erumkmuhq6GaO9P0jsP2fMoiLRLLylB-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/U8MiSJ7I0erumkmuhq6GaO9P0jsP2fMoiLRLLylB-1024x609.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/U8MiSJ7I0erumkmuhq6GaO9P0jsP2fMoiLRLLylB-768x457.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>4 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2017<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Iraq_After_the_Fall_of_ISIS_The_Struggle_for_the_State\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/iraq-after-the-fall-of-isis-the-struggle-for-the-state\/\">Iraq After the Fall of ISIS: The Struggle for the State<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Renad_Mansour\"><\/span>Renad Mansour<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/governance-and-accountability\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Governance &amp; accountability<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/iraq-after-the-fall-of-isis-the-struggle-for-the-state\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"714\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/U8MiSJ7I0erumkmuhq6GaO9P0jsP2fMoiLRLLylB.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-767\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/U8MiSJ7I0erumkmuhq6GaO9P0jsP2fMoiLRLLylB.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/U8MiSJ7I0erumkmuhq6GaO9P0jsP2fMoiLRLLylB-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/U8MiSJ7I0erumkmuhq6GaO9P0jsP2fMoiLRLLylB-1024x609.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/U8MiSJ7I0erumkmuhq6GaO9P0jsP2fMoiLRLLylB-768x457.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/governance-and-accountability\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Governance &amp; accountability<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Iraq_After_the_Fall_of_ISIS_The_Struggle_for_the_State-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/iraq-after-the-fall-of-isis-the-struggle-for-the-state\/\">Iraq After the Fall of ISIS: The Struggle for the State<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>4 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2017<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_Renad_Mansour\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: Renad Mansour<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-708\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-708 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-geopolitics-and-security tag-turkey\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-708 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-geopolitics-and-security tag-turkey\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-706\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>20 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Keeping_Syrian_refugees_out_has_not_made_Turkey_secure\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure\/\">Keeping Syrian refugees out has not made Turkey secure<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Haid_Haid-2\"><\/span>Haid Haid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/geopolitics-and-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Geopolitics &amp; security<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/turkey\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Turkey<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-706\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/geopolitics-and-security\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Geopolitics &amp; security<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/tags\/turkey\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Turkey<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Keeping_Syrian_refugees_out_has_not_made_Turkey_secure-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/keeping-syrian-refugees-out-has-not-made-turkey-secure\/\">Keeping Syrian refugees out has not made Turkey secure<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b9fd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>20 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734f43c e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734f43c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f9f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_Haid_Haid-2\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: Haid Haid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-750\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-750 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-conflict-and-violence-ar tag-syria-ar\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"508\" class=\"elementor elementor-508 elementor-131 elementor-131 post-750 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-75 tag-conflict-and-violence-ar tag-syria-ar\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6848ea e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b6848ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672e534 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"672e534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699d1d5 ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"699d1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"460\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-748\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib.jpg 800w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib-768x442.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7dbf5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b7dbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653d020 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653d020\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bf6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"67bf6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-086a389 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>2 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2017<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9db21 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff9db21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc004a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc004a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Local_Community_Resistance_to_Extremist_Groups_in_Syria_Lessons_from_Atarib\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/\">Local Community Resistance to Extremist Groups in Syria: Lessons from Atarib<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1944edd e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1944edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050c0ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"050c0ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Haid_Haid-3\"><\/span>Haid Haid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9988b9 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9988b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c084e ch-article-card__tag elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"79c084e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/conflict-and-violence-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/syria-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2099d1 e-con-full ch-article-card card h-100 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2099d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4690 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd4690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a16f ch-article-card__img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"461a16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"460\" src=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-748\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib.jpg 800w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/en_local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib-768x442.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf2b5 e-con-full card-body e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edf2b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c72b4 e-con-full ch-article-card__tags e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15c72b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb7da ch-article-card__tag elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2ccb7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/conflict-and-violence-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/tags\/syria-ar\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3d11b ch-article-card__tag elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"fe3d11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-55095d2 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/categories\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c297f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c297f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Local_Community_Resistance_to_Extremist_Groups_in_Syria_Lessons_from_Atarib-2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kalam.chathamhouse.org\/ar\/local-community-resistance-to-extremist-groups-in-syria-lessons-from-atarib\/\">Local Community Resistance to Extremist Groups in Syria: Lessons from Atarib<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93266a0 e-con-full mb-2 ch-article-card__time e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93266a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fd90 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